Optical and X-ray GRB Fundamental Planes as cosmological distance indicators

ABSTRACT Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), can be employed as standardized candles, extending the distance ladder beyond Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia, z = 2.26). We standardize GRBs using three-dimensional (3D) Fundamental Plane relation (the Dainotti relation) among rest-frame end time of X-ray plateau emission, its corresponding luminosity, and peak prompt luminosity. Combining SNe GRBs, we constrain ΩM 0.299 ± 0.009 assuming a flat Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology with without correcting for selection biases redshift evolution. Using 3D optical correlation, find this sample is efficacious in determination sample. trimmed our GRB samples to achieve tighter planes simulate additional GRBs. determined how many are needed stand-alone probes comparable precision on one obtained by only. reach same error measurements derived 2011 2014 142 284 simulated respectively, considering bars variables halved. These limits will reached 2038 2047, respectively. doubled (obtained future machine learning approaches allowing light-curve reconstruction estimates redshifts when unknown) compared current sample, halved 2014, now 2026, If consider precision, 390 2054.